"The atmosphere has changed in Beijing since the Chinese capital's last Olympics in 2008," Vox. "Air pollution in the capital has decreased by 50 percent since the 2008 Olympics, which if maintained will lead to four years of additional life for the average Beijing resident." "In 2020, Delhi had more than twice the average annual PM2.5 of Beijing and over five times the average PM 2.5 concentration of Los Angeles." This is despite the fact that a stringent lockdown was imposed on India and Delhi from 25 March 2020, which was lifted gradually in seven stages until December, wikipedia. "India has nine of the 10 most polluted cities in the world" but with inadequate monitoring we do not know accurate concentrations of pollutants, "including sulphur dioxide (SO2), Nitrous dioxide (NO2), respirable PM10, the finer particulate matter or PM2.5, lead, carbon monoxide (CO) and ammonia", Indiaspend. Thirteen out of the top 15 polluted cities are in India, Earth.Org. "The Lancet estimates that air pollution kills more than 1 million people in the country every year." "For decades, public health officials have known that bad air quality can increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, lower respiratory infections, lung cancer, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), dementia, mental illness, premature births and more." As a result, "India lost an estimated $36.8 billion due to premature deaths and morbidity as a result of air pollution." Maybe not. "India is among the countries having the lowest public healthcare budget in the world, with the public healthcare system in the country merely getting 1.26% of the total GDP," TSG. Healthcare spending needs to increase by 0.35% to get to 2.5% of GDP by 2025, but actual spending increased by a minuscule 0.02% from 2015-16 to 2020-21. The 2022-23 Budget hopes to spend 0.25% more on healthcare over last year, but has reduced transfer of funds to states for Covid vaccines by 87%, BS. Most people pay for health emergencies out of their own pockets. "Nearly 70 percent of expenditure on health has to be borne by the patients and this pushes about 60 million Indians into poverty each year, the Finance Commission has said," TNIE. "Out-of-pocket expenses are among the highest in the world. More than 60% of the population isn't covered by insurance," wrote Anjani Trivedi and Andy Mukherjee. Outpatient services "which account for 60% of out-of-pocket expenditure, aren't included". Central government officials, politicians, judges and their families are covered under the Central Government Health Scheme (CGHS). Members of CGHS can get treatment from a long list of private hospitals at beggarly charges. Outpatient consultation is a paltry Rs 150, while we pay around Rs 1,500 per visit, and the revised rate for removal of venereal warts for government officials and politicians on high pensions, is only Rs 184, GTD. Hospitals have to recover these losses from other patients, thus increasing costs for us. There is a long list of social schemes targeted at poor people, wikipedia, and a reduction in the number of beneficiaries helps save money. So, CGHS is an indirect tax on private citizens and fewer handouts save money from social schemes. India may have lost $36.8 billion but the government saved money. Which will help reduce government borrowing, bring down government debt and reduce interest payments. Surely, that is good for the economy?
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