"Without productive and dependable employment for the vast majority of a country's workforce, economic growth either remains elusive, or its benefits end up concentrated among a tiny minority," wrote Prof D Rodrik. A good job "is typically a stable formal-sector position that comes with core labour protections such as safe working conditions, collective bargaining rights, and regulations against arbitrary removals." The problem is, "Production is becoming increasingly skill intensive while the bulk of labour force remains low-skilled." Because, "Technology and globalization have conspired to widen the gap, with manufacturing and services becoming increasingly automated and digitized." Technology has given rise to an app-based gig economy where people are working long hours for little earnings and no security. If we take the history of the universe, "Recorded history has lasted for the last tenth of a second, and the industrial revolution for the last five-thousandths of a second.." wrote T Chatfield. Although, many animals use tools only humans have combined older tools to produce new ones which means development of new technology resembles evolution of human beings. Not just the job market, technology is changing human behavior and psychology, wrote S Deb. Fifty years ago we imagined that "by the early part of this millennium, space travel would be routine; machines would be terrifyingly intelligent; and computers and humans would have intelligent conversation", wrote S Chitnis. This has not come to pass. "Our phones have become smarter, interfaces slicker, and communications faster. But other predictions haven't come to pass." Most of the recent advances in technology is concentrated in creating apps to provide services to people at home and in social media companies which aim to capture more eyeballs so as to sell more advertising. "A generation of our best engineers are spending their productive output on building behavioral nudges that manipulate users to stay on their platforms." But, since technology is evolving like a biological entity along with humans, maybe it will evolve slowly, like dogs have evolved from wild wolves. Dogs have become such a part of human society that, among all animals, they excel in "interpreting human behavior", wrote W Saletan. So, how to create more jobs? "Tourism and non-traditional agriculture" suggests Rodrik. However, tourism is causing havoc to the environment and to local wildlife. Perhaps, the only solution is to reduce the number of humans as technology evolves to do our jobs. Won't be easy.
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