"Dictators are prone to self-destruction," wrote L Bershidsky. Daniel Treisman, a political scientist at the University of California, Los Angeles, has studied how dictatorship lost to democracy 218 times. "For a recent paper, he analysed 218 episodes of democratization between 1800 and 2015 and found they were, with some exceptions (such as Danish King Frederick VII's voluntary acceptance of a constitution in 1848), the result of authoritarian rulers' mistakes in seeking to hold on to power." Dictators relinquish power voluntarily only in a third of cases, in the rest they lose power due to hubris, needless risk, slippery slope, trusting a traitor, and counterproductive violence. Despite our thirst for freedom how dictators emerge was investigated by R Nuwer. Dictators tend to "harbour fantasies of unlimited power, beauty, glory, honour and domination, paired with a lack of empathy". According to Freedom House there were "106 dictatorships or partial dictatorships, accounting for 54% of the world's nations", in 2015. Are some people forced to become dictators out of fear? Robert Mugabe of Zimbabwe is hanging on to power at the age of 93 years through electoral fraud and violence, maybe because he fears prosecution for the massacre of the Ndebeles from 1983 to 1987. In neighboring South Africa, Nelson Mandela set such a precedent that President Jacob Zuma is forced to step down in 2019. He has faced "800 separate charges of fraud, money-laundering, and graft, a court ruling that he violated the country's constitution, multiple votes of no-confidence, and a rape trial," wrote I Bremner. He is desperately trying to get his ex-wife, Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma, elected president in his place to escape prosecution but he should beware. Ex-wives can often be extremely vindictive. Similarly, Jawaharlal Nehru set the standard for democracy in India, and control of the armed forces. Pakistan, our neighbor, is an example of why people get tired of corrupt politicians and accept military rule as the lesser of the two evils. Democracies deal with dictators because they need to win elections back home. As the largest producer of oil in the world, democratic nations had no problem dealing with Saudi Arabia. Now that the country is running large budget deficits due to a fall in the price of oil, Crown Prince Salman is introducing liberal changes even though the royal family remains in power. He has to be careful it does not become a 'slippery slope'. We may pride ourselves on our 'noisy democracy', and 85% of people may have trust in the government but a worrying 53% would not mind military rule in the country. That is how we differ from Pakistan.
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