The 73rd amendment to the Constitution reserves one third of positions in panchayats, including mukhiya, sarpanch or chief, for women. Many states reserve half the seats for women. An experiment was conducted in 40 villages in Bihar to see if women are more honest than men. Participants were divided into groups and men were made in charge of half the groups while women were made heads of the other half, randomly. Each leader was given Rs 200 to be divided among group members with the opportunity to keep a larger amount for themselves if they so wished. The experiment found that women leaders deceived in 56% of cases while men deceived in 43% of cases. The authors of the study explain this excess of deception by women as being due to an expectation of being treated poorly and hence fulfilling that expectation. But surely is it not more logical to perform to a higher standard to prove others wrong and gain plaudits? Women CEOs advise hard work, accountability and external benchmarking as a reason for their success. However, it is possible that the behavior of a college educated, middle-class American woman would be totally different to that of an illiterate, married, poor village woman in India. Another reason given by the authors for the excess of female deception was that a majority of women did not expect to get reelected, so they cheated. A survey conducted by the government of India in 2008 found that 89% of female mukhiyas did not stand for reelection and all those who did, lost. But that is not the behavior of our most esteemed members of parliament. Figures show that MPs accumulate vast quantities of wealth and the richer the person the greater the chance of winning reelection. That is because elections cost vast quantities of black money, last year's elections cost $4.9 billion, second only to the US. The surprise is that the authors seem to be surprised by the result. Why? Studies seem to show that there is little difference in behavior between men and women, nurture being stronger than nature. Cristina Fernandez, President of Argentina has been accused of benefiting from money laundering and former President of the Philippines, Gloria Arroyo was charged with electoral fraud. Princess Cristina of Spain is defending herself against charges of tax fraud. We Indians know about Ms Indira Gandhi and the dark days of Emergency and how she corrupted the Supreme Court. Sanjay Gandhi confiscated and burnt all the prints of a satirical movie called ' Kissa Kursi ka '. The Supreme Court protected him. Reservation is wrong. You cannot stop discrimination by discriminating in favor of one group. Equality in education, opportunity and respect will end discrimination. But will they get votes?
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