Luxurious black.

"The Bharat Progress Report 2025-26, released by the NXT Foundation, highlights India's rapid economic and technological growth over the year," and "underscores that India became the world's fourth-largest economy in 2025, overtaking Japan with a nominal GDP of about $4.18 trillion." "The country's now on course to become the third-largest economy in the world." ZNews. It may already have attained that level if the shadow economy, known as 'Black Money', is added to the nation's GDP. German economist "Friedrich Schneider places the shadow economy at roughly 23% of GDP in India," while others estimate it at more than 40% of GDP. Real estate is the largest store of hidden wealth, as well as gold, corporate structures and informal transfers. Agricultural income is largely free of income tax. Bajaj Finserve. The top 10% receive 58% of national income, while the top 1% receive about 23%. The top 1% hold 40% of national wealth and the top 10% hold two-thirds. HT. The addition of Black Money increases the wealth at the top and makes the rest poorer by comparison. "India's luxury housing segment has expanded sharply over the past four years, with luxury homes now forming 27% of the country's overall residential supply, up from 16% in 2021, according to data from Magicbricks." MC. Construction of more luxury housing means fewer affordable housing for the vast majority of the population. Alongside, India's luxury car market is expanding at a compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.16% and is estimated to grow from $1.44 billion in 2025 to $1.52 billion in 2026 and $1.96 billion in 2031. Mordor Intelligence. At Independence, India "adopted an import-substituting industrialization (ISI) economic strategy that assigned the commanding heights of the economy to the State." Economic liberalization was forced on us in 1991 when India had to pledge 47 tons of gold with the Bank of England and 20 tons with the Union Bank of Switzerland to deal with the balance of payments crisis. wikipedia. However, relatively higher tariffs continued to protect Indian industry so that, "Indian companies continued to serve the hapless Indian consumer rather than export. As a result, Indian manufacturing still lags in scale, quality, branding and innovation." With no competition, India spends roughly 0.6% on R&D, while "South Korea spends over 4%, Japan above 3%, Germany around 2.6% and China above 2% of GDP on R&D," wrote Janmejaya Sinha. With manufacturing at 13% of GDP, despite the ongoing conflict in the Middle East, "queues outside visa application centers for Gulf countries in Delhi show little sign of slowing, with many workers saying economic compulsions leave them little choice but to travel to the restive regions." TOI. If you do not innovate, you plagiarize. And so, "An Indian university has courted controversy at the AI summit in Delhi after an official claimed that a Chinese-made robotic dog was its own invention." BBC. There is no guarantee that increased spending on R&D will produce a game-changing product that will generate wealth. Enjoy black money. Buy a Chinese robot dog.